The University of Greenwich offers an MSc in Big Data and Business Intelligence, focusing on “skills to contribute to the design and development of big data systems as well as distributed / internet – enabled decision support application software systems”. (https://www.gre.ac.uk/postgraduate-courses/ach/cgbdbi) Sheffield Hallam University offers an MSc in Big Data Analytics, which teaches “industry-leading software including SAS and HaDoop” and gives knowledge of “data storage, data mining and statistical modelling techniques”. (https://www.shu.ac.uk/courses/computing/msc-big-data-analytics/full-time)

Birmingham City University offers an MSc in Big Data Analytics, emphasizing “data mining, big data management and advanced statistics” and “valuable insights, and results such as increased market share, profitability, possible cost savings and procedural efficiency”. (https://www.bcu.ac.uk/courses/big-data-analytics-msc-2020-21) University of Plymouth has an MSc in Data Science and Business Analytics, which imparts learning in “data analytics, computing and business” “using sophisticated analytics techniques, including social network visualisation and sentiment analysis, and professional software, including R tidyverse, Python, C# and SQL/NoSQL”. (https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/courses/postgraduate/msc-data-science-and-business-analytics) University of Derby offers an MSc in Big Data Analytics, which helps in “identifying and obtaining intelligence from the previous commodity of big data are in demand across many sector.” (https://www.derby.ac.uk/postgraduate/computing-courses/big-data-analytics-msc/)

Queen Mary University of London offers an MSc in Big Data Science, which teaches “computer science techniques with modern methods of statistical analysis” such as “statistical data modelling, data visualisation and prediction; machine learning techniques for cluster detection, and automated classification; big data processing techniques for processing massive amounts of data; domain-specific techniques for applying data science to different domains: computer vision, social media analysis, intelligent sensing and internet of things; case-based projects that show the practical application of the skills in real industrial and research scenarios”.   (https://www.qmul.ac.uk/postgraduate/taught/coursefinder/courses/big-data-science-msc/)

SRH University Heidelberg offers a Master of Science in Big Data and Business Analytics, which focuses on “project planning and implementation in the field of BI Consulting, Business Analytics, Project Engineering and Information Analysis”. (https://www.hochschule-heidelberg.de/en/academics/masterstudium/big-data-and-business-analytics/)

ESCP Business School runs an MSc in Big Data and Business Analytics, which gives “an understanding of the significance of data in today’s business world” and “helps students build the in-demand technical, analytical and communication skills needed to manage large data sets”. (https://www.escp.eu/programmes/specialised-masters-MScs/MSc-in-Big-Data-and-Business-Analytics) IESEG School of Management France offers a Master of Science in Big Data Analytics for Business, which focuses on “business knowledge, the methods and the analytical tools to convert BIG data into BIG insights in marketing, finance and operations”. (https://www.ieseg.fr/en/programs/masters-science/msc-big-data/program/) Letterkenny Institute of Technology has a Master of Science in Big Data Analytics, which focuses on the “processes involved in examining and interpreting large amounts of data of a variety of types to uncover hidden patterns, unknown correlations and other useful information”. (https://www.lyit.ie/CourseDetails/D202/LY_KDATA_M/BigDataAnalytics)

Trent University offers an MSc in Big Data Analytics: Applied Modelling and Quantitative Methods, which “emphasizes practical skills in visualization, data mining, cloud – based approaches and parallel programming skills.” https://www.trentu.ca/graduatestudies/programs/course-based-masters-programs/master-science-big-data-analytics-applied-modelling-and) Bay Atlantic University offers an MSc in Big Data Analytics, which is “the program will provide students with frameworks for critically looking at data, interpreting and visualizing data, and applying that knowledge in real-world applications that will shape how 21st century business challenges are addressed.” (https://bau.edu/program/msc-in-big-data-analytics/)

If you are looking for a Masters in the USA take a look at https://www.masterstudies.com/MSc/Big-Data/USA/.

The Data Science Institute at Columbia University has a MS in Data Science which “is jointly offered in collaboration with the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences’ Department of Statistics, and The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science’s Department of Computer Science and Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research” (https://datascience.columbia.edu/education/programs/m-s-in-data-science/). Harvard University’s Master’s in Data Science is “jointly led by the Computer Science and Statistics faculties and administered through the Institute for Applied Computational Science (IACS), trains students in the rapidly growing field of data science” (https://www.seas.harvard.edu/applied-computation/graduate-programs/masters-data-science). MIT Sloan offers a Masters in Business Analytics. As it says, “Established in conjunction with MIT’s Operations Research Center – an interdisciplinary research center established in 1953– the MBAn program is tailored for current students or recent college graduates who plan to pursue a career in the data science industry, as well as those seeking career advancement or change, especially engineers, mathematicians, physicists, computer programmers, and other high-tech professionals’ (https://mitsloan.mit.edu/master-of-business-analytics#curriculum).

The University of Sydney specifically states that its Master of Data Science is “a quantitative discipline includes data science, computer science, mathematics, statistics, engineering, physics, economics, finance or other disciplines that are deemed equivalent. As a guideline, the curriculum of a quantitative discipline should include some study of mathematics including statistics at the tertiary level”, (https://www.sydney.edu.au/courses/courses/pc/master-of-data-science.html). Melbourne Institute of Technology offers a Master of Data Analytics (https://www.mit.edu.au/study-with-us/programs/master-data-analytics), while The University of Melbourne offers a Master of Data Science (https://study.unimelb.edu.au/find/courses/graduate/master-of-data-science/). Deakin University offers a Master of Data Science (https://www.deakin.edu.au/course/master-data-science). The University of Auckland too offers a Master of Data Science because “The ability to turn data into information, knowledge and innovative products is a skill in high demand within industry” (https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/study/study-options/find-a-study-option/master-of-data-science-mdats.html).   

]]> https://jntataendowment.org/ecology/ Wed, 20 Oct 2021 04:15:04 +0000 http://jntataendowment.org/blog/?p=189 The National Geographic Society defines ecology as “study of organisms and how they interact with the environment around them. An ecologist studies the relationship between living things and their habitats”

(https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/ecology/). It goes on to say that “In addition to examining how ecosystems function, ecologists study what happens when ecosystems do not function normally”. To The Ecology Society of America, “Ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment; it seeks to understand the vital connections between plants and animals and the world around them. Ecology also provides information about the benefits of ecosystems and how we can use Earth’s resources in ways that leave the environment healthy for future generations” (https://www.esa.org/about/what-does-ecology-have-to-do-with-me/)

There is a wide range of courses centred on ecology as the core but with many diverse combinations. Some universities offer breadth while choose to focus on one or two core areas. However, there is some overlap among these courses. You will see Masters titled thus:  Ecology with Evolution and Conservation, Environment and Ecology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Computational Ecology & Mathematical Ecology, Applied Ecology, Landscape Ecology

Ecology

Norwegian University of Life Sciences, runs a Master of Science in Ecology, which delivers “understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes.” (https://www.nmbu.no/en/studies/study-options/master/master-of-science-in-ecology) University of Basel has a Master’s in Ecology which covers modules such as “wide spectrum of plant and animal ecology, ecosystem science and conservation biology giving students the possibility of studying the interactions among organisms, between organisms and their environment, ecosystem processes and human influences on ecosystem integrity and biological diversity.” (https://www.unibas.ch/en/Studies/Degree-Programs/Degree-Programs/Ecology.html). The University of Zurich offers an MSc in Biology, Ecology exposing students to a wide range of organisms and ecosystems “from microbes to tortoises and glacial streams to alpine meadows.” (https://www.biologie.uzh.ch/de/Studium/Masterstudium/MasterStudies/Ecology.html)

University of Copenhagen, Denmark runs an MSc in Biology with a specialisation in Ecology, focusing on “fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes, drivers of spatial and temporal distribution of species, whole – organism biology of bacteria, fungi, protists and multicellular organisms of importance to ecosystem function and organisms typical of specific environments, the function of ecosystems and their interaction with local, regional and global systems, including global change, applied and societal aspects of ecology and evolution”. (https://studies.ku.dk/masters/biology/programme-structure/specialisations/ecology_and_evolution/)

Daad, University of Bremen offers a Master of Science in Ecology with specialization in “Molecular, Behavioural, Population, Vegetation, Field, Cognitive, Marine or Soil Ecology, as well as Conservation Biology, Risk Assessment, or Ecological Modelling”. (https://www.uni-bremen.de/mscecology/). University of York has an MSc in Biodiversity, Ecology and Ecosystems, which combines “cutting – edge theory with practical, applied skills”. (https://www.york.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught/courses/msc-biodiversity-ecology-ecosystems/)

Western Colorado University offers a Master of Science in Ecology, which “provides contemporary scientific training to address pressing questions in the ecology, conservation and management of the Earth’s biota, landscapes and ecosystems.” The program has two tracks – “Ecology and Conservation and Fisheries and Wildlife Management.” (https://www.western.edu/academics/school-graduate-studies/master-science-ecology) Cornell University runs an MS (Ithaca) in Ecology with concentrations in “animal ecology, applied ecology, biogeochemistry, community and ecosystem ecology, limnology, oceanography, physiological ecology, plant ecology, population ecology, theoretical ecology, vertebrate ecology”. (https://gradschool.cornell.edu/academics/fields-of-study/subject/ecology-and-evolutionary-biology/ecology-ms-ithaca/) San Diego State University’s Masters in Ecology program “emphasizes quantitative approaches and the framing of problems within the context of ecological theory”. (http://www.bio.sdsu.edu/eco/prog_ms.php) Colorado State University offers an MS in Ecology, which provides education in “Ecological Risk Assessment and Management and Human Environment Interactions”. (http://graduateschool.colostate.edu/Programs/ecology/ecol-ms/)

Umea University offers a Master’s Programme in Ecology which gives “a deeper knowledge of how fishing, forestry, river regulations, pollution and climate changes affect biodiversity and ecosystem function in forests, lakes, mountains and sea”. (https://www.umu.se/en/education/master/masters-programme-in-ecology/).

Massey University, University of New Zealand runs a Master of Science in Ecology, which gives knowledge in subjects like “Biodiversity and biogeography, Community Ecology, Behavioural Ecology, Lake and River Management, Plant Ecology, Modelling animal populations, Soil Communities and ecosystem function.” (http://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/learning/programme-course/programme.cfm?prog_id=92431&major_code=PECLG).

Ecology with Evolution and Conservation

University of Potsdam’s (Germany) Master of Science in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation covers topics such as “the entire spectrum of climate impact research, evolutionary ecology, evolutionary biology, and aquatic and landscape ecology”. (https://www.uni-potsdam.de/studium/studienangebot/masterstudium/master-a-z/oekologie-evolution-und-naturschutz-master/). Uppasala University, Sweden has a Master’s programme in Ecology and Conservation. (https://www.uu.se/en/admissions/master/selma/program/?pKod=TBI2M&pInr=EKNA). University of Groningen’s (The Netherlands) Master’s in Ecology and Evolution focuses on “how organisms, populations and communities are affected by changing environmental conditions, and how this knowledge can contribute to successful ecological conservation and restoration programs” (https://www.rug.nl/masters/ecology-and-evolution/programme).

University of Exeter, (U.K.) runs MSc in Evolutionary and Behavioural Ecology in which they emphasize “social mammals, birds, turtles and insects”, “quantitative and molecular genetics” (http://www.exeter.ac.uk/postgraduate/taught/biosciences/evolutionary/). Queen Mary University of London (UK) runs MSc in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, which provides concepts           to understand “factors underpinning global ecology and evolutionary change, including modern techniques for environmental process research, invasive species ecology and conservation genetics.  Students also learn techniques important for environmental policy and management”. (https://www.qmul.ac.uk/postgraduate/taught/coursefinder/courses/121409.html).

University of Aberdeen has an MSc in Ecology and Conservation which provides “training in plant community ecology, animal population ecology, GIS and experimental design and analysis (which includes use of R)”. (https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught/degree-programmes/925/ecology-and-conservation/). Imperial College London offers an MSc and MRes in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, which “concentrates on inter-disciplinary approaches and current research tools in these disciplines, and use external visitors from a range of conservation organisations to highlight the issues around applying science to practical conservation.” (https://www.imperial.ac.uk/life-sciences/postgraduate/masters-courses/masters-in-ecology-evolution–conservation-msc-and-mres/). Queen’s University Belfast runs an MSc in Ecological Management and Conservation Biology, which emphasizes problems such as “unprecedented pressure on the environment due to exploitation, habitat degradation and loss, climate change, invasive species, pollution and emerging diseases”. (https://www.qub.ac.uk/courses/postgraduate-taught/ecological-management-conservation-biology-msc/#overview) University of Sussex runs an MSci in Ecology, Conservation and Environment, seeks to understand “world’s most serious environmental and ecological challenges”. (https://www.sussex.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/courses/ecology-conservation-and-environment/ecology-conservation-and-environment-msci) University of East Anglia’s MSc in Applied Ecology and Conservation covers topics such as “Geographical Information Systems (GIS), practical conservation and work experience, evolutionary biology, conservation genetics and statistical modelling using R.” (https://www2.uea.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/taught-degree/detail/msc-applied-ecology-and-conservation)

University of Southampton has a 4-year MSci in Ecology and Conservation dealing with the “impact of human activity on our ecosystems, examining cell biology right up to animal behaviour and biodiversity”. (https://www.southampton.ac.uk/biosci/undergraduate/courses/c180_mecol_ecology.page) Oxford Brooks University runs an MSc in Conservation Ecology, which focuses on “knowledge of international and national wildlife legislation, planning law and environmental policy, IT competencies, including Geographical Information Systems (GIS), an understanding of the ecological requirements of different species and the implications of environmental change, an ability to statistically interpret field data”. (https://www.brookes.ac.uk/courses/postgraduate/conservation-ecology/).

Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich’s Master’s in Evolution, Ecology and Systematics provides a “broad biology background” and teaches “many techniques and approaches that are used in evolution, ecology, and systematics research. These include micro-array techniques, field experiments, the use of natural history collections, mathematical modelling, and modern genetic methods.” (http://www.en.uni-muenchen.de/students/degree/master_programs/evolution_ecol_system/index.html) University of Bern, Switzerland runs a Master’s in Ecology and Evolution. The program offers specializations in “Animal Ecology and Conservation, Behaviour, Evolution, Plant Ecology.” (http://www.philnat.unibe.ch/studies/study_programs/master_s_in_ecology_and_evolution/index_eng.html) University of Tübingen offers an MSc in Evolution and Ecology, which “provides instruction on the origin, the evolution and the conservation of complex biological systems in time (current – historical) and space (local – global) and integrates processes from the genetic level through the organism to the ecological communities. The curriculum covers synthetic fundamental principles as well as applied, environmentally relevant aspects. The focus of the course is on the detailed scientific investigation of the evolution of organisms and the importance of their interactions in their environment” (https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/faculties/faculty-of-science/departments/biology/study/degrees/master-of-science-msc/evolution-and-ecology/)  Karlstad University’s  Master’s in Ecology and Conservation, focuses on applied ecology and conservation issues. (https://www.kau.se/en/education/programmes-and-courses/programmes/NABIM-EKNA).

Taking a different orientation, TuDelft University, The Netherlands has MSc in Industrial Ecology. “Industrial Ecology is an emergent scientific discipline that promotes a systemic approach to human problems, integrating technical, environmental and social aspects. It is argued that this approach will show the way to sustainable development. For that reason Industrial Ecology is considered to be the ‘toolbox for sustainable development’ and the ‘science of sustainability’. Industrial Ecology is a cooperation between TU Delft En Leiden University.” (https://www.tudelft.nl/en/education/programmes/masters/industrial-ecology/msc-industrial-ecology/)

Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia runs an MS in Conservation Ecology and Sustainable Development (CESD). The program focuses on the problems such as “the rapid depletion of our natural resources and the loss of biodiversity and remnant ‘natural’ areas in the landscape.” (https://www.ecology.uga.edu/degree/masters-cesd/) University of Toronto, (Canada) runs Master of Science and Ph.D. in in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, which provides knowledge in “anatomy/physiology, behaviour, behaviour genetics, bioinformatics, community/population/ecosystem/landscape/evolutionary ecology, conservation biology, developmental biology, genetics/genomics, microbiology, molecular evolution, plant biology, taxonomy/systematics, and theoretical biology.” (http://www.sgs.utoronto.ca/prospectivestudents/Pages/Programs/Ecology-and-Evolutionary-Biology.aspx).

Columbia University, (New York) runs Master’s in Ecology Evolutionary and Conservation Biology which focuses on “biological sciences and integrates environmental policy and economics concepts.” (http://e3b.columbia.edu/students/prospective/ma/)  School for Environment and Sustainability (SEAS), University of Michigan runs an MS in Conservation Ecology in which students may learn about “local, regional, national and international environmental issues ranging from urban settings to wilderness areas” also “the fundamental concepts and techniques necessary for the study of ecosystem and how to apply them to solve complex problems”. (https://seas.umich.edu/academics/ms/con_eco) San Francisco State University’s MS in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology (EECB) is helpful for those students who wish to pursue “systematics, evolution, conservation, population genetics, genomics, behavior of organisms; community, population, reproductive, physiological, and evolutionary ecology; taxonomy, biodiversity, and biogeography.”  (http://biology.sfsu.edu/graduate/ecology-evolution-and-conservation-biology-eecb-0)

The University of Melbourne’s (Australia) Master’s in Ecosystem Science students may explore subjects such as “Conservation biology, ecology, environmental psychology, landscape management, forest science, horticulture, hydrology and soil science”. (https://study.unimelb.edu.au/find/courses/graduate/master-of-science-ecosystem-science/) The University of Queensland runs a Master of Conservation Biology, which “uses the science of conservation, ecology and biodiversity to develop strategies and policies that aim to find effective solutions in securing the world’s biological diversity.” (https://future-students.uq.edu.au/study/program/Master-of-Conservation-Biology-5551)

Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Israel Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies runs an MSc in Ecology, Conservation and Management emphasizes on “biodiversity, community dynamics and organism-level processes combined with methodological knowledge, including statistics, mathematics, model developing and assessment procedures specific to nature conservation and management.” (http://in.bgu.ac.il/en/akis/Pages/Ecology-Conservation-and-Management.aspx)

Environment and Ecology

Newcastle University runs an MSc in Ecology and Wildlife Conservation in which students learn about “wildlife conservation policy and practice, environmental impacts, sustainable development”. (https://www.ncl.ac.uk/postgraduate/courses/degrees/ecology-wildlife-conservation-msc/#profile) University of Glasgow has an MRes in Ecology and Environmental Biology, studying “ornithology, fish biology, aquatic ecosystems, epidemiology, modelling and physiological, molecular and evolutionary ecology”. (https://www.gla.ac.uk/postgraduate/taught/ecologyenvironmentalbiology/#tab=0) Liverpool Hope University runs an MSc in Ecology and Environmental Management, which “aims to develop advanced academic understandings and insight relating to ecology and the environmental management of natural resources. Field based elements are a significant part of the course”. (https://www.hope.ac.uk/postgraduate/postgraduatecourses/ecologyandenvironmentalmanagementmsc/) Canterbury Christ Church University has an MSc in Applied Ecology and Environmental Management, which “incorporates topics in ecology, environmental sciences and environmental management to explore the relationship between the natural world and society.” (https://www.canterbury.ac.uk/study-here/courses/postgraduate/applied-ecology-and-environmental-management-18-19.aspx)

Linköping University runs Master’s programme in Ecology and the Environment which deals with areas such as “management of ecosystems, ecological communities and populations, based on a thorough knowledge of ecological concepts and theories.” (https://liu.se/en/education/program/6meco)

Indiana University Bloomington runs a Master of Science in Environmental Science (MSES) with concentration in Ecology and Conservation, which focuses on “explore ecology, climate-change impacts, ecosystem restoration, endangered species, GIS, soil, and the management of fisheries, forests, wildlife, lakes, watersheds, streams, and wetlands.” (https://spea.indiana.edu/masters/degrees-certificates/environmental-science/concentrations/ecology-conservation.html)  Ecology and Biodiversity

Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain offers Master’s in Terrestrial Ecology and Biodiversity Management. It helps students to focus on “processes involved in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems and the options for mitigating their future deterioration in a context of global environmental change”. It also gives information on “management and conservation of biological natural resources (flora and fauna)”. This Masters degree is available with two specialisations: “terrestrial Ecology and Management and Diversity of Fauna and Flora (marine and terrestrial).” (https://www.uab.cat/web/estudiar/official-master-s-degrees/general-information/terrestrial-ecology-and-biodiversity-management-1096480962610.html?param1=1204013168104).

Lund University, Sweden has Master’s programme in Animal Ecology in which students can learn about “how to analyse and understand evolutionary processes at the level of genes, individuals and populations”, “how evolutionary and ecological processes form appearance, physiology and behaviour in animal”, “how evolutionary and ecological processes form appearance, physiology and behaviour in animals”. (https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/lubas/i-uoh-lu-NABIO-EKZO).

University of Innsbruck, Austria runs Master’s in Ecology and Biodiversity, which emphasizes on “aquatic and terrestrial ecology, from molecular ecology to landscape ecology. The spectrum includes the relationships between organisms, populations, biocenoses and their environment, the structure and function of ecosystems and landscapes, and biodiversity and global change. Students treat research-related and application-oriented issues based on theoretical and experimental laboratory and field approaches. Much of the teaching content is closely linked to the key research areas “ecology of the Alpine region” and “mountain agriculture”. (https://www.uibk.ac.at/studium/angebot/ma-oekologie-und-biodiversitaet/index.html.en) Vrije Universiteit Brussel’s (Belgium) Master of Science in Biology in Ecology and Biodiversity “allow students to gain experience in the research methods used to study the ecology and evolution of organisms found in terrestrial, freshwater and coastal ecosystem” (http://we.vub.ac.be/en/master-science-biology-ecology-and-biodiversity). Lund University offers a Master’s degree in Biology, Animal Ecology, which teaches to 1) “analyse and understand evolutionary processes at the level of genes, individuals and populations”, 2) understand “how evolutionary and ecological processes form appearance, physiology and behaviour in animals 3) analyses “costs and benefits of different traits and how these are optimized to form reproductive and survival strategies”. (https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/lubas/i-uoh-lu-NABIO-EKZO)

University of Florida (UF) runs an MSc in Wildlife Ecology and Conservation which focuses on “wildlife biology, ecology, and management; landscape ecology and restoration; human dimensions; tropical and international conservation; and conservation education”. (http://www.wec.ufl.edu/courses/grad_courses.php).

Applied Ecology

Christian Albrechts Universität Zu Kiel runs a Master of Science in Applied Ecology, which gives knowledge in “understanding of human-related or natural disturbances and being able to carry out ecological  diagnostics; Understanding the dynamics and functions in temperate continental and aquatic ecosystems; Understanding the consequences of global change on the equilibrium of ecosystems; Understanding the risks in population dynamics, biodiversity impoverishment and interspecific relationships.” (https://www.sustainability.uni-kiel.de/en/taught-masters/master-of-science-applied-ecology). University of Gloucestershire, (England) has MSc in Applied Ecology which looks at a range of topics such as “Applied Conservation, Practical Ecological Methods, Field Ecology, Ecological Interactions, Citizen Science and Public Engagement, Geographic Information Systems, Environmental Pollution and Remediation, Environmental Governance and Decision Making”. (http://www.glos.ac.uk/courses/postgraduate/aec/pages/applied-ecology-postgraduate-certificate-postgraduate-diploma-msc.aspx).

The University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway Norwegian, Norway runs Masters in Marine Ecology and Resource Biology, which is “a study of marine ecology, biodiversity, fisheries ecology, fish biology and aquaculture.”  (https://uit.no/utdanning/program/271669/marine_ecology_and_resource_biology_-_biology_-_m). University of the Arts Helsinki, Finland runs MA in Ecology and Contemporary Performance (MAECP). “MAECP investigates and develops the methodologies, practices and theoretical bases of contemporary performance while developing new forms of collaboration, interaction and knowledge production in between the art, the research and the sciences and within a posthumanist framework.” (https://www.uniarts.fi/en/teak/ma-ecology-and-contemporary-performance-maecp)

University of Alberta, Canada runs an MSc in Family Ecology and Practice which aims “to enhance the well-being of children, youth and families – with a particular focus on those who are vulnerable.” (https://www.ualberta.ca/agriculture-life-environment-sciences/programs/graduate-programs/prospective-students/human-ecology/master-science)

Computational Ecology & Mathematical Ecology

Imperial College London also runs an MSc in Computational Methods in Ecology and Evolution, teaching “quantitative methods and biological concepts together, through application of the methods to cutting-edge biological research problems” and focusing on “current topics in modern quantitative biology, such as interactions between ecological and evolutionary dynamics, and the effects of climate change on ecological communities.”  (https://www.western.edu/academics/school-graduate-studies/master-science-ecology) Newcastle University runs an MSc in Computational Ecology, which focuses on “on mathematical and statistical theory necessary for data interpretation and analysis.” (https://www.ncl.ac.uk/postgraduate/courses/degrees/computational-ecology-msc/#profile)

Heriot Watt University (UK) runs MSc in Mathematical Biology, Ecology and Medicine. This course “provide a comprehensive training in mathematical modelling of problems in the life sciences, in mathematical techniques to study these models, and in the use of data to both inform and test the models.” (https://www.hw.ac.uk/study/uk/postgraduate/mathematical-biology-ecology-and-medicine.htm). University of Exeter, (U.K.) offers MSci in Mathematical Sciences (Ecology and Evolution) with duration of four years. This programme provides programme offers you an opportunity to explore mathematics and statistics, and the development of underpinning theory relevant to applications in ecology and to understanding the evolution of life itself.  (http://www.exeter.ac.uk/undergraduate/degrees/mathematics/mathsmsci-ecology/).

Landscape Ecology

University of Hohenheim offers a Master’s in Landscape Ecology, which studies climate, soils, land use, and other environmental aspects vary throughout space and time; how organisms react to these variations in the environment; how interactions of organisms in changing environments influence the dynamics of species communities, and how these dynamics in turn determine ecosystem processes.(https://www.uni-hohenheim.de/en/landscape-ecology-masters#jfmulticontent_c282156-2) Stockholm University runs a Master’s Programme in Landscape Ecology which helps students to understand the link between “ecological processes, landscape patterns and human interactions” and focuses on “topics such as habitat monitoring, conservation and restoration of biodiversity, ecosystem services and management of landscapes, seascapes and their associated resources.” (https://www.natgeo.su.se/english/education/courses-programmes/master-programmes/landscape-ecology/master-s-programme-in-landscape-ecology-1.101472)

Karlstad University’s Master’s in Landscape Ecology teaches “how changes in the landscape affect ecosystems and species distribution, how the composition, structure and function of the landscape change and how humans manage landscapes. Landscape ecology with its focus on spatial patterns is important for various conservation issues, as the course highlights.” (https://www.kau.se/index.php/en/education/programmes-and-courses/courses/BIAD16) University of Greifswald offers Master’s in Landscape Ecology, which is supplemented by “contents from the fields of landscape economics and environmental ethics”. (https://agep-info.de/course/msc-landscape-ecology-nature-conservation-lenc/) University of Hohenheim, Germany runs Master’s in Landscape Ecology, which studies “studies how organisms react to such changes in the environment, how interactions of organisms in changing environments influence the dynamics of biological communities, and how these dynamics in turn determine ecosystem processes.”  (https://www.uni-hohenheim.de/en/landscape-ecology-masters)

]]> https://jntataendowment.org/anatomy-human-anatomy/ Mon, 18 Oct 2021 07:03:31 +0000 http://jntataendowment.org/blog/?p=187 The increasing awareness of and attention to health has made the study of the human anatomy more important than ever before. Given that there is finer and finer specializations, it will be vital to have some with a holistic understanding. Some universities have a surgical focus, some focus on data visualizations while some bring an integrated approach.

The Northern Illinois University offers Master of Science in biology program with specialization in human anatomical sciences.

The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences is the affiliated college for this program and the areas of studies are in “Bioinformatics, Human Anatomical Sciences, Biochemistry and Biology Teaching.” (https://www.niu.edu/grad/academics/masters/human-anatomical-sciences.shtml). University of Southern California has an MS in Integrative Anatomical Sciences which deals with “gross anatomy, histology and neuroanatomy, including cadaveric dissection and microscopic study of tissues” also it gives “an intensive introduction to fundamentals of bone and dental biology, human anatomical variation and clinical anatomical correlations”. (https://keck.usc.edu/integrative-anatomical-sciences-program/about).

The MS Program in Anatomical Sciences program at the University of Indianapolis is designed to give students a solid foundation to prepare them for professional programs in the biomedical areas, such as medical and dental school.” (https://www.uindy.edu/cas/anatomical-sciences/index).  University of Buffalo offers an MA program in Anatomical Sciences which aims to provide a foundation in “anatomical sciences in both the macro- and microscopic realms.” and “focuses on microscopic anatomy and cell biology.” (http://medicine.buffalo.edu/departments/pathology/education/graduate/anatomical.html). The PennState College of Medicine offers research oriented MS program in Anatomy, which is suitable for all those students who wish to work in “allopathic or osteopathic medicine, dentistry or physical therapy” areas. The university not only covers topics under “gross anatomy, histology, human embryology and neuroanatomy” but also “in cell biology, systems biology, biochemistry and physiology.” (https://med.psu.edu/anatomy-ms).  Des Moines University’s Master of Science in Anatomy (M.S.A.) delivers education in “gross anatomy, cell and tissue biology, neuroanatomy and human development”. (https://www.dmu.edu/msa/program-strengths/).  Wright State University runs MS in Anatomy, which provides “advanced professional education in the essentials of human anatomy, including gross anatomy, developmental anatomy (embryology), microanatomy (cell biology/histology), and neurobiology.” (https://catalog.wright.edu/preview_program.php?poid=5545&catoid=7)

The University of Dundee has an MSc in Human Anatomy which uses a Theil cadavers method to study gross anatomy through whole body dissection which is helpful for studies in the areas such as “applied anatomy, embryology, histology, medicine, dentistry, or biomechanics.” (https://www.dundee.ac.uk/study/pg/human-anatomy/). The University of Edinburgh runs an MSc in Human Anatomy, which imparts learning through dissection and focuses on “anatomical teaching, neuroanatomy, embryology, anatomy law and ethics and medical imaging”. (https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/postgraduate/degrees/index.php?r=site/view&edition=2021&id=648uli). Similarly, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shrevepor, runs a Master of Science Degree in Human Clinical Anatomy which focuses on “intensive courses in Human Anatomy with cadaver dissections, Microscopic Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Developmental Biology, and Physiology.” (http://www.lsuhscshreveport.edu/departments/BasicScience/CellularBiologyandAnatomy/graduateprogram/AnatomyMasterofScience.aspx).

Queens’s University offers an MSc in Anatomical Sciences, which includes “Advanced Gross Anatomy, Advanced Topics in Embryology, Advanced Topics in Neuroanatomy, Advanced Topics in Histology & Histology Techniques, Independent Studies in Anatomy & Cell Biology/Pedogogy”. (https://www.queensu.ca/sgs/programs-degrees/anatomical-sciences)

The Hull York Medical School’s MSc in Clinical Anatomy deals with clinically applied human anatomy based on “topographical, biomechanical, developmental and radiological perspectives.” (https://www.hyms.ac.uk/postgraduate-taught-degrees/msc-in-clinical-anatomy). Similarly, the University of Iowa also offers Master of Clinical Anatomy (M.C.A.) which demonstrates “knowledge of the anatomical sciences (neuroanatomy, gross anatomy, and histology)” (http://catalog.registrar.uiowa.edu/carver-medicine/anatomy-cell-biology/master-clinical-anatomy/). Creighton University has a Master of Science in Clinical Anatomy looks at “human gross anatomy and neuroanatomy to pathology, surgery, radiology and embryology.” (https://gradschItol.creighton.edu/program/clinical-anatomy-ms). The University of Birmingham’s MSc in Functional and Clinical Anatomy provides education in areas such as “functional anatomy of the body”, “embryological development and growth of the regions and systems of the body and their implications upon its functional anatomy”. It also gives “an understanding of the consequences of pathological states upon functional anatomy and the anatomical causes of pathology, experience and understanding of methodologies and paradigms used in medical research” (https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/postgraduate/courses/taught/med/functional-clinical-anatomy.aspx#CourseDetailsTab).

The Department of Archeology at the University of York offers an MSc in Human Anatomy and Evolution.  The course investigates “how the anatomy of the human body has developed over time; the biology of bone, teeth and soft tissue. It also gives “a detailed understanding of human and primate evolution, focusing on anatomy and morphology and their interfaces with ecology and behaviour.” (https://www.york.ac.uk/archaeology/postgraduate-study/taught-postgrads/masters-courses/human-anatomy-and-evolution/).

University of Glasgow runs an MSc in Medical Visualisation and Human Anatomy, which combines “actual cadaveric dissection with 3D digital reconstruction, interaction and visualisation using state of the art virtual reality facilities”. (http://www.gsa.ac.uk/study/graduate-degrees/medical-visualisation-human-anatomy/). Eastern Virginia Medical School has an MS in Contemporary Human Anatomy. The course focuses on the studies of “the human body through medical imaging and dissection – a different perspectives than scientists have used for the past 100 years in anatomy” (https://www.evms.edu/education/masters_programs/contemporary_human_anatomy/). The Master of Science program in Modern Human An​atomy (MSMHA) at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus “provides graduate level training and teaching experience in the physical and virtual anatomical sciences.  The curriculum integrates 3D computer imaging and modeling with human cadaver dissection, neuroanatomy, histology, and embryology.” (http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/medicalschool/departments/CellDevelopmentalBiology/MSMHA/Pages/Info.aspx).

The Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) (UK) offers a research-oriented M.S. degree program in Anatomy and Neurobiology. “The program prepares students for technical careers in neurobiological research laboratories in academic, private and government institutions.” (http://bulletin.vcu.edu/graduate/school-medicine/anatomy-neurobiology-ms/).

The University of Nebraska has Master of Science in Medical Anatomy, which gives a “comprehensive education in whole body anatomical dissection, system-based histology, and neuroanatomy”.  (https://www.unmc.edu/gradstudies/programs/masters/medical-anatomy.html). The University of Sydney, offers Master of Surgery (Surgical Anatomy) which is helpful to develop a sound knowledge and understanding of human anatomy through a series of whole-body cadaveric dissections (https://sydney.edu.au/courses/courses/pc/master-of-surgery-surgical-anatomy.html)

The University of Pittsburgh’s Biomedical Master’s Program in Human Anatomy “explores human structure and the organization of organ systems.” (http://bmp.pitt.edu/course/human-anatomy). Indiana University offers Master of Science degree in Anatomy and Cell Biology with two learning Tracks i.e. Research Track MS with duration of two years and Clinical Anatomy Track MS which is a non-thesis one year program. (https://medicine.iu.edu/departments/anatomy-cell-biology/education-programs/graduate-degrees/masters/).

The University of Oxford has an MSc by Research in Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics which deals with the research areas like “neuroscience, cardiac science, ion channels transporters and signalling, metabolism and endocrinology, development and reproduction to functional genomics” (https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/graduate/courses/msc-research-physiology-anatomy-and-genetics?wssl=1).

The University of Sheffield’s an MSc in Human Anatomy with Education focuses on the human anatomy studies through cadaveric dissection. According to the university, students will be “able to develop advanced dissection skills and anatomical expertise using a wide range of plastinated specimens, professionally dissected wet specimens and anatomical models.” (https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/bms/study/masters/human_anat).

The University of Oxford runs an MSc by Research Experimental Psychology, which covers topics in “behavioural neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, social psychology and psychological disorders, and developmental science” (https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/graduate/courses/msc-research-experimental-psychology?wssl=1). University College London, UK has MPhil / PhD in Experimental Psychology, which focuses on “understanding the psychological and biological bases of behaviour, to improve the health and wellbeing of both individuals and society”. (https://www.ucl.ac.uk/prospective-students/graduate/research-degrees/experimental-psychology-mphil-phd)

Some universities have attempted to bring together neuroscience and data or quantitative analysis. The University of Carolina (UNC) at Greensboro offers an MA in General Experimental Psychology, which  is a terminal Master’s degree program and focuses on “developmental, cognitive and social psychology, as well as psychopathology and developmental psychopathology”. The University also directs ‘theses in quantitative psychology and biological psychology”. (https://psy.uncg.edu/graduate/experimental-psychology/). Seton Hall University’s MS in Experimental Psychology offers this course with and without thesis based studies in which “Behavioral Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroscience, and Behavioral Sciences” are with thesis and “Data Visualization and Analysis and Psychological Science” without thesis. (http://www.shu.edu/academics/ms-experimental-psychology.cfm). Similarly, Murray State University has a Master of Science (M.S.) in Experimental Psychology “with an emphasis in behavioral neuroscience”. (https://www.angelo.edu/content/profiles/7153-experimental-psychology-masters-degree-ms/Templates/profiles-graduate-programs.php)  Nova Southeastern University (NSU) offers an MS in Experimental Psychology, which teaches “biological, cognitive, developmental, and social psychology” and “experimental design and analysis.”  (https://psychology.nova.edu/graduate/experimental-psychology/curriculum.html). Indiana State University, College of Arts and Science (CAS) offers an MA and MS in Experimental Psychology, which focuses on cognition, social psychology, and biopsychology.  (https://www.indstate.edu/cas/psychology/programs/masters-experimental-psychology/experimental-psychology-masters-program).

Some have a research orientation. University of Exeter runs an MSc in Psychological Research Methods which “emphasis on cognitive and clinical neuroscience research.” (http://www.exeter.ac.uk/postgraduate/taught/psychology/psychological/#Overview) Brooklyn College offers an MA in Experimental Psychology, which “offers students an education in the foundations of psychological knowledge, the current state of the field, and training in research design and data analysis”. (http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/web/academics/schools/naturalsciences/graduate/psychology/experimental.php). University of Sussex offers an MSc in Experimental Psychology. The course gives an education in “biological, cognitive, social and developmental psychology”, “philosophical and ethical foundations of psychology” and “research methods” into this. (https://www.sussex.ac.uk/study/masters/courses/psychology/experimental-psychology-msc) Saint Louis University runs an MS Experimental Psychology, which “prepares students for academic teaching and research careers in the areas of cognitive neuroscience, developmental or social psychology.” (https://www.slu.edu/programs/graduate/psychology-experimental-ms-phd.php) University of Tennessee offers an MA Program in Experimental Psychology, which incorporates the following areas of research: Biological Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Industrial & Applied Psychology and Social and Personality Psychology”. (https://psychology.utk.edu/grad/ma.php).

Radford University offers an MA in Experimental Psychology, which focuses on the “breadth of knowledge the psychology’. (https://www.radford.edu/content/chbs/home/psychology/programs/experimental/curriculum.html) Western Washington University runs mentorship model based Graduate Program in Experimental Psychology in which “each incoming student is paired with a faculty member with similar scholarly interests who will advise and mentor the student on his/her academic progress and scholarly activities” (https://chss.wwu.edu/psychology/experimental-psychology-graduate-program)

At The University of Alabama in Huntsville MA in Experimental Psychology, “The focus is general-experimental with coursework in applied experimental, biological, cognitive, developmental, human factors, industrial/organizational, and social psychology.” (https://www.uah.edu/ahs/departments/psychology/programs/graduate)The Psychology department at the University of Texas of the Permian Basin has an MA in Psychology with concentration in Experimental Psychology, focusing on “advanced psychological theory (i.e., developmental, cognitive, personality, social), research methods, statistics, and manuscript preparation.” (https://www.utpb.edu/cas/academic-departments/psychology-department/graduate-program#Applied)

Taking a slightly different focus, James Madison University runs an MA in Psychological Sciences, which focuses on “basic science such as cognitive psychology, sensation and perception, learning theory, and behavioral neuroscience. It also provides a foundation for work in applied settings such as in the federal government.” (http://www.psyc.jmu.edu/psycsciences/experimentalpsychology.html)

The University of New Brunswick runs a research and practice based Master of Education in Counselling, which is “tailored for future masters – level practitioners, working as school counsellors or counselling therapists in community agencies or private practice.” (https://www.unb.ca/fredericton/education/grad/med/counselling.html)

Boston College runs an MA in School Counselling, which prepares students to take a “whole child” approach to their work for in and out – school factor and emphasizes helping students to understand the ways in which multiple systems (e.g., families, schools, and communities) interact to promote thriving and achievement among children and adolescents representing diverse cultures, racial/ethnic groups, social classes, abilities/disabilities, and sexual orientations.” (https://www.bc.edu/bc-web/schools/lynch-school/academics/departments/cdep/ma-school-counseling.html) NYU Steinhardt offers an MA in School Counselling or Bilingual School Counselling, which gives “training to become a professional pre-k-12 school counselor, working in public or private schools, colleges and community agencies”.  (https://steinhardt.nyu.edu/degree/ma-school-counseling-or-bilingual-school-counseling) Pittsburgh State University has a Master’s in School Counselling, which prepares teachers for Pre K-12 category. (https://academics.pittstate.edu/academic-programs/psychology-and-counseling/school-counseling-graduate-program.html#undefined1)

University of Dayton runs an MSE in School Counselling, which prepares students to “become positive voices advocating for the academic, career, and social/emotional needs of children in PK-12 school systems as professional school counsellor”.  (https://udayton.edu/education/departments_and_programs/edc/programs/school_counseling/index.php) Butler University offers a Master’s in School Counselling structured “around the knowledge, dispositions and performances of school counselling professionals, focuses on the P-12 developmental needs of students”. (https://www.butler.edu/school-counseling/about) Florida State University, College of Education offers a Masters in School Counselling, which “prepares the next generation of counselors to serve the diverse needs of K-12 students”. (https://education.fsu.edu/degrees-and-programs/graduate-programs/school-counseling)

California State University Long Beach has a Master of Science in Counseling which gives two options 1) School Counseling 2) the Pupil Personnel Services Credential which prepares school counselors to act as social justice advocates and agents of change in urban schools and diverse multicultural settings.” The university “endorsed the use of data-informed decision-making and evidence-based practices to effect systemic change in schools and the community”. It goes on to state: “The American School Counselor Association’s (ASCA) National Model, which promotes a balanced, holistic approach that considers the academic, career, and social/emotional development of K-12 students, serves as a base for our program.” (https://www.csulb.edu/college-of-education/school-counseling)

Cincinnati, College of Education offers Master of Education in School Counselling for those who wish to be a school counselor leader and work with K-12 students in the areas of academic, career, and personal/social development as well as contributing to the overall climate of the school environment. You acquire the skills to take the national Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Exam (CPCE) and move toward licensure. (https://cech.uc.edu/schools/human-services/graduate-programs/counseling-graduate-programs/sccl.html) Mercer University runs an MS in School Counselling, which prepares “students to function as professional school counselors in public and private P-12 school settings and to be certified by the Georgia Professional Standards Commission (GAPSC) at the S-5 level. (https://professionaladvancement.mercer.edu/programs/graduate-professional/school-counseling/)

Champan University, Attallah College of Educational Studies has Master of Arts in Counselling and Pupil Personal Credential in School Counselling program, which is suitable for those who wish to work as professional school counsellors from preschool through high school “with knowledge of how to perform a variety of tasks including college and career guidance, mental health counselling, student social and emotional support, and consultation with teachers and parents”. (https://www.chapman.edu/education/graduate/counseling.aspx)

University of San Diego, School of Leadership and Education Sciences offers an MA in School counselling which offers two tracks such as Pupil Personnel Services and another is PPS credential with Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. The focus is on “students whose needs are culturally sensitive or specific to their social identities, such as the children who are refugees, are in foster care or are in domestic violence situations.” (https://www.sandiego.edu/soles/counseling-and-marital-and-family-therapy/ma-school-counseling/) George Southern University offers an MEd in School Counselling which has two concentrations Clinical Mental Health Counseling and School Counseling and it is helpful to those who wish to work as school counselor. (https://coe.georgiasouthern.edu/coun/programs/school-counseling/) Marymount University offers an MA with three specialization with from which a student must choose. These specializations are Clinical Mental Health, Pastoral Clinical Mental Health Counseling, and School Counseling.  (https://www.marymount.edu/Academics/School-of-Sciences-Mathematics-and-Education/Graduate-Programs/Counseling-(M-A-)) Fairfield University runs an MA in School and Clinical Mental Health Counselling, which develops knowledge in nine areas such as “human growth and development, the helping relationship, lifestyle and career development, research evaluation, social and cultural foundations, group counseling, individual appraisal, professional orientation, clinical skills”. (https://www.fairfield.edu/graduate-and-professional-studies/graduate-school-of-education-and-allied-professions/programs-and-certificates/graduate-programs/school-counseling/index.html)

Eastern University offers an MEd in School Counselling which equips student to “become an advocate for students while promoting the welfare of an entire learning community. This graduate program prepares students to seek state certification as a PreK-12 school counselor, licensed professional counselor, and licensed behavior specialist.”

(https://www.eastern.edu/academics/graduate-programs/med-school-counseling) Loyola University of Chicago runs M.Ed. in School Counselling, which is practitioner – orientated program and wishes to “prepare culturally sensitive professionals who think critically and base their practices on scholarly inquiry.” (https://www.luc.edu/education/masters/school-counseling/)

Doane University runs a Master of Education in School Counselling “designed for those who are seeking to become highly competent school counselors. Students will be prepared to work with diverse populations in elementary, secondary and high schools. The academic preparation follows guidelines established by the state and certification boards.” (https://www.doane.edu/graduate-and-adult/master-of-education-school-counseling)

The Military College of South Carolina, The Citadel offers a Master of Education in Counselor Education “is designed for adults who want to enter the school system as guidance counselors, either on the elementary or secondary level. Students who successfully complete the program will obtain both a graduate degree and recommendation for licensure through the state to become a guidance counselor.” (http://www.citadel.edu/root/counselor-education-programs/med-school-counseling)

Rider University runs an MA in Counselling Services (School Counselling Concentration) which emphasizes on the “developmental Counselling” and is helpful for those who wish to develop their career as “school counselor in elementary and secondary public and private schools.”(https://www.rider.edu/academics/colleges-schools/college-education-human-services/graduate-programs/counseling-services/ma-counseling-services-school-counseling-concentration)

Syracuse University runs an MS in School Counselling, which helps students to “develop the dispositions, knowledge, and skills to promote the academic, career and personal/social development of all students through data – informed school counselling programs”. (https://soe.syr.edu/admissions/graduate/masters/school-counseling/) The University of Memphis’ MS in School Counselling, says much the same thing preparing “professional school counselors to implement developmentally informed, data driven, ASCA National Model ® school counselling programs to support the growth of their student clientele across academic, career, and personal – social life domain.” (https://www.memphis.edu/cepr/counseling/school.php)

St. John’s University has a Master of Science in School Counselling, which helps students to “prepare skilled and multiculturally competent school counselors who are capable of identifying and responding to the needs of diverse clients by providing a wide range of guidance and counseling services for children, adolescents and their parents”. (https://www.stjohns.edu/academics/programs/school-counseling-master-science-education) The University of Sydney, offers a Master of Teaching (MTeach) in School Counselling, which qualifies students to become a school counsellor as well as a qualified teacher in one area of the secondary school curriculum.” https://www.sydney.edu.au/courses/subject-areas/spec/school-counselling.html)

Manchester University runs an MSc in Health Psychology, focusing on “current approaches to changing health-related behaviour at individual, population and regulatory levels; the interaction between psychological processes (cognitions, emotions, behaviour) and disease and illness; the ways in which social-cultural factors contribute to health; advanced research methods and analysis techniques in both quantitative and qualitative research”. (https://www.manchester.ac.uk/study/masters/courses/list/10060/msc-health-psychology/course-details/#course-profile) King’s College London’s MSc in Health Psychology focuses on “scientific and theoretical understanding of health psychology.” (https://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/taught-courses/health-psychology-msc). The University of Surrey offers an MSc in Health Psychology, which delivers knowledge in the “study of the psychological processes involved in maintaining health, the pathological responses to ill health and stress, and the promotion of wellbeing among the physically ill.” (https://www.surrey.ac.uk/postgraduate/health-psychology-msc-2020).

The University of Portsmouth’s MSc in Health Psychology delivers knowledge in “how mental, emotional and social factors can affect physical wellbeing, and how to prevent them doing so” also “to learn how a patient’s mental and emotional state is affected by an illness and their recovery from it – and develop the skills and knowledge to support them. (https://www.port.ac.uk/study/courses/msc-health-psychology) University of West London’s MSc in Health Psychology gives “complete grounding in the theory, themes, professional issues and practical skills central to Stage 1 Health Psychology training.” (https://www.uwl.ac.uk/course/postgraduate/health-psychology?start=182&option=33)

Middlesex University London’s MSc in Health Psychology “focuses on the psychological influences on health, well-being and illness” and also “health-related behaviour, addiction and treatment; public health, health promotion and behaviour change interventions; stress, chronic illness and its management; working with patients in the health care system, research methods and professional issues.” (https://www.mdx.ac.uk/courses/postgraduate/health-psychology) Sheffield Hallam University’ MSc in Health Psychology gives “introduction to research methods, health cognitions and behaviour, perspectives and contexts in health research and practice, psychobiological determinants of health, applications and practice of health psychology, client groups and stakeholders, research methods and measurement issues and a health psychology research project.” (https://www.shu.ac.uk/courses/psychology/msc-health-psychology/full-time)

The University of Stirling runs an MSc in Health Psychology, which teaches “the skills needed to help people deal with the psychological and emotional aspects of health and illness, and to support people who are chronically ill.” (https://www.stir.ac.uk/courses/pg-taught/psychology/health-psychology/) University of St. Andrews offers an MSc in Health Psychology, which “provides training in the applications of psychological theory and research methods.” (https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/medicine/health-psychology-msc/)

Coventry University offers an MSc in Health Psychology. According to the University, this course is “supporting others in dealing with the psychological and emotional aspects of health and illness, as well promoting healthier lifestyles.” (https://www.coventry.ac.uk/course-structure/pg/2019-20/hls/health-psychology-msc/) University of Nottingham offers an MSc / PG Dip in Health Psychology, which is “useful in the psychological concomitants of physical health.” (https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/pgstudy/course/taught/health-psychology-msc) University of Westminster runs an MSc in Health Psychology, which aims to “develop the theoretical and methodological skills essential for conducting independent research and applying health psychology in practice.” (https://www.westminster.ac.uk/psychology-courses/2020-21/september/full-time/health-psychology-msc)

Staffordshire University runs an MSc in Health Psychology, which focuses on “application of psychological theories, methods and research to the understanding of health, illness and healthcare.” (https://www.staffs.ac.uk/course/health-psychology-msc) University of Buckingham’s MSc in Health Psychology focuses “on understanding the behavioural processes around health, illness and disability” (https://www.buckingham.ac.uk/sciences/msc/health-psychology) University of Strathclyde Glasgow runs an MSc in Clinical Health Psychology, which focuses on “clinical, health and neuropsychology” (https://www.strath.ac.uk/courses/postgraduatetaught/clinicalhealthpsychology/#whythiscourse).  Cardiff Metropolitan University runs an MSc in Health Psychology, which focuses “on the roles of psychology, biology and social or environmental factors on health and health related behaviour.”  (http://www.cardiffmet.ac.uk/health/courses/Pages/Health-Psychology—MSc-.aspx)

NUI Galway, Ireland has an MSc in Health Psychology, which provides knowledge for “the identification and amelioration of psychological factors contributing to physical illness and the improvement of the health care system and formulation of health policy.” (http://www.nuigalway.ie/courses/taught-postgraduate-courses/health-psychology.html)

Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, The Netherlands runs an MSc in Health Psychology and Digital Interventions. The university aims to help students to “use psychological insights and evidence-based theory to create innovative technological solutions (eHealth)”. The program also aims to “exploring how psychological processes are linked to behaviours, and how we can use these insights to design interventions that promote healthier choices.” (https://www.eur.nl/en/essb/master/health-psychology-digital-interventions/why) Utrecht University, The Netherlands runs a Masters in Social and Health Psychology, which focuses on the ‘topics related to the control of human behaviour for the benefit of social interaction and health.” The curriculum involves multiple perspectives of the study behavioural regulation ranging from concrete views (social cognition and neuroscience) to global views (relationships, welfare, and health).” (https://www.uu.nl/masters/en/social-and-health-psychology)

University of Michigan – Dearborn, USA runs an MSc in Health Psychology, offered by the Behavioral Sciences Department in the College of Arts, Sciences and Letters (CASL). The program is research oriented and provides “intensive training in research methods typically used in health and behavioral medicine”. “The program incorporates class work in program development and program evaluation methods, as well as epidemiology.” (https://umdearborn.edu/casl/graduate-programs/programs/master-science-psychology/health-psychology). University of Sciences runs an MS in Health Psychology in which the coursework includes “neuropsychology, behavioral medicine, research methodology and management, evidence based practice and behavioral change”. (https://www.usciences.edu/misher-college-of-arts-and-sciences/behavioral-social-science/health-psychology-ms/index.html)

University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, College of Letters and Science Psychology offers research and theory based MS in Psychology with concentration in Health Psychology, in which  studies revolves around “health disparities, gender and health, aging, health education, patient advocacy and self-care behaviors, the effects of stress and mechanisms of coping with it, risk perception, complementary interventions, and pediatric conditions and pain.” (https://uwm.edu/psychology/graduate/m-s-program/health-psychology/)

The University of Auckland, New Zealand runs a two – year Master of Health Psychology (MHealthPsych), provides “trainings in theoretical, methodological and practical applications of health psychology” also “to use of methodological approaches in the health area”. (https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/study/study-options/find-a-study-option/master-of-health-psychology-mhealthpsych.html)

LSE offers an MSc Environmental Economics and Climate Change because environmental economics “has been instrumental in informing policy across the world, for example in the creation of markets to efficiently regulate pollutants such as acid rain and carbon. Environmental and resource economics also informs the design of new instruments for the conservation of ecosystem services and the efficient use of natural resources, such as water and forests, and for the promotion of renewable energy and electric vehicles”. While everyone is aware of the costs involved, “how these costs and benefits are distributed between current and future generations is another important consideration. Valuation, and the behavioural and ethical issues that this gives rise to, is a major component of environmental and resource economics and another aspect of the MSc”.

(https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/Graduate/degree-programmes-2021/MSc-Environmental-Economics-and-Climate-Change)

The MSc Economics and Environment (2021 entry) at SOAS “combines environmental concerns with development economics and political economy. It draws on the specific strengths of SOAS, namely expertise in development economics, multi-disciplinary environmental focus, and area specialisations in Asia, Africa and the Middle East”. As SOAS sees it, “the effects of development on the environment and access to resources is one of the most challenging fields that has grown over the past decades and is now one of the key areas of study”. (https://www.soas.ac.uk/economics/programmes/msceconenvdev/)

The Durham University Business School offers an MSc Environmental and Natural Resource Economics with the objective of equipping students “with the necessary skills and knowledge to pursue a career in economics and related disciplines. The programme consists of a set of core and elective modules, culminating in a practice- based business project or a research-based dissertation”. (https://www.dur.ac.uk/business/programmes/masters/masters-in-economics/environmental/)

UCL has chosen to combine policy and energy offering an Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment MSc because “there is a growing need for highly qualified practitioners to analyse these complex issues and relate them to policy implications. UCL’s Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment MSc trains students in the economics, policy and modelling skills needed to tackle global environmental challenges”. (https://www.ucl.ac.uk/prospective-students/graduate/taught-degrees/economics-policy-energy-environment-msc)

Some Universities offer a management-oriented Masters in environment. The School of Business and Economics, Thomson Rivers University offers a Master in Environmental Economics and Management because “Worldwide economic growth currently faces sustainability challenges. As a result, there is an urgent global need for management practices that balance economic demands with sustainability”. It says that “TRU’s Master in Environmental Economics and Management (MEEM) prepares graduates to make major contributions to the field of economic sustainable management. They acquire a broad understanding of the business environment, advanced management skills and specialized knowledge in the emerging area of sustainability”.

(https://www.tru.ca/business/masters-degrees/master-in-environmental-economics-and-management.html)

Some look at the impact on human welfare. At the Amsterdam School of Economics of the University of Amsterdam, MSc Economics (Environmental Economics), helps “you explore which effect climate change will have on future welfare”. It seeks answers to questions such as “What is the link between human activities, economic development and environmental problems?” (https://ase.uva.nl/content/masters/economics-environmental-economics/economics-environmental-economics.html?cb)

And there are courses oriented towards natural resources.

The Vancouver School of Economics of The University of British Columbia offers a Masters in the Economics of the environment, Land economics, Economics of Renewable Resources etc and says that since 1990, it “has specialized in environmental and natural resource economics. Researchers in the field study how the economy and the environment interact across an array of topics, including trade, energy, transportation, food security, resource extraction, and environmental rule-making.

 (https://economics.ubc.ca/environmental-economics/)

At Colorado State University, “The Major in Environmental and Natural Resource Economics prepares students to apply economic tools to evaluate the allocation and utilization of natural resources and the management of the natural environment”. It goes on to say that “This major differentiates from other programs of study that address natural resource management in that it focuses on weighing the private and public implications of choices that we make ranging from a local through a global scale”.

(https://catalog.colostate.edu/general-catalog/colleges/agricultural-sciences/agricultural-resource-economics/environmental-natural-major/)

The Australian National University’s Master of Environmental and Resource Economics says that “Stringent economic analysis and global best practice have become critical to effective policy-making for environmental and resource issues such as water allocation and carbon emissions control. The Master of Environmental and Resource Economics (MERE) degree helps you take economic analysis to an advanced and specialised sphere, then apply these concepts to high-level environmental, resource management, and energy policy issues”. The University claims that “The MERE program attracts a variety of participants. Ministers of finance for developing countries across Asia and the Pacific, as well as senior policy-makers working in central banks and national planning agencies, have completed the program to update their economics expertise in key development issues” (https://crawford.anu.edu.au/study/graduate-degrees/master-environmental-and-resource-economics).

Blending theory and quantitative techniques, The Environmental and Natural Resource Economics Group, Yale School of the Environment, accepts “a limited number of Ph.D. and Masters of Environmental Science students and provide extensive support and guidance.  In addition, there are several postdoctoral opportunities for outstanding candidates to work with the environmental economics faculty at Yale School of the Environment.  Graduate students in environmental economics are provided with a rigorous training in economic theory and econometrics while also given the tools for an interdisciplinary approach to environmental and natural resource management.  Throughout their time at Yale, environmental economics students work closely with their faculty advisors to ensure specialized preparation for individual research interests” (https://environment.yale.edu/groups/enre/).

At Penn State University, “The programs in Energy, Environmental, and Food Economics (EEFE) are designed to educate students as applied research economists in the fields of energy economics, environment and natural resource economics, and industrial organization in the food sector. The EEFE graduate program offers Master of Science (M.S.) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degrees. The M.S. degree is a research-oriented degree. Additional depth and breadth of training required in the EEFE Ph.D. curriculum will prepare students to conduct original research that advances scientific knowledge in their fields of specialization”.

(https://bulletins.psu.edu/graduate/programs/majors/energy-environmental-food-economics/)

Some universities emphasize on the design of drugs such as Georgetown University, which offers Master of Science in Drug Design and Discovery, imparts learning for the “processes involved in the use of technology and bioinformatics to design drugs”. (https://biotechnology.georgetown.edu/academics/drugdesign/) The University of Aberdeen has a Masters by Research (MRes) in Drug Discovery, which aims to develop student’s research skills and provides the information of drug discovery process from “both a scientific and commercial (bio-business) view.” (https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught/degree-programmes/54/drug-discovery/).

Whereas some universities combine pharmaceutical science in learning such as Coventry University has an MSc in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery, which conglomerates “pharmacological, molecular, biochemical, cell biological and genetic techniques” altogether to deliver the learning. (https://www.coventry.ac.uk/course-structure/pg/2020-21/hls/pharmacology-and-drug-discovery-msc/) Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam’s MSc in Drug Discovery and Safety teaches “the interaction between molecules and human body from a range of perspectives” such as “chemical, medical, toxicological, pharmacological and genetic”. (https://masters.vu.nl/en/programmes/drug-discovery-safety/index.aspx). University of Nottingham’s MSc in Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Sciences provides “in – depth knowledge of all aspects of drug discovery, integrating teaching in chemistry and biology” (https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/pgstudy/courses/pharmacy/drug-discovery-and-pharmaceutical-sciences-msc.aspx). In addition to pharmaceutics, De Montfort University Leicester’s MSc in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology covers topics “relating to DNA and protein-based medicines’. (https://www.dmu.ac.uk/study/courses/postgraduate-courses/pharmaceutical-biotechnology-mscpg-dippg-cert/pharmaceutical-biotechnology.aspx)

Few universities have taken the aspect of toxicology into consideration such as University of Hertfordshire’s MSc in Drug Discovery and Toxicology, offers a problem based learning to develop high – level critical analysis skills and substantial exposure to practical techniques in drug discovery and toxicology.” (https://www.herts.ac.uk/courses/postgraduate-masters/msc-drug-discovery-and-toxicology) The University of Aberdeen offers an MSc in Drug Discovery and Development, which provides an information on “drug metabolism and toxicology, small molecule drug discovery, biologic drug discovery.” (https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught/degree-programmes/55/drug-discovery-and-development/).

Students may opt for variations in specializations while studying drug discovery, offered by universities such as University of Bath which offers an MSc in Drug Discovery focusing on “concepts and research techniques in drug discovery including target identification and validation, screening platforms, optimisation of small molecule drugs and biotherapeutics, and the importance of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.”(https://www.bath.ac.uk/courses/postgraduate-2020/taught-postgraduate-courses/msc-drug-discovery/) King’s College London runs MSc in Drug Discovery Skills in which students can “study a range of modules that include core skills and case histories in drug discovery.” (https://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/taught-courses/drug-discovery-skills-msc.aspx).

Pharmaceutical aspects are also included by some universities while teaching drug discovery such as University of Sunderland, which has an MSc in Drug Discovery and Development, which “covers advanced pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical analysis, drug design, pharmacology, proteomics and pharmacogenomics.” (https://www.sunderland.ac.uk/study/pharmacy-pharmaceutical-and-cosmetic-sciences/msc-drug-discovery-development/#course-structure).  Drexel University, College of Medicine’s Masters of Science degree program in Drug Discovery and Development (DDD) helps students to “gain comprehensive knowledge of pharmacology, physiology, pharmacoepidemiology, translational medicine, and pharmacogenomics” (https://drexel.edu/medicine/academics/graduate-school/drug-discovery-development/curriculum/). The University of Sheffield’s MSc in Genomic Approaches to Drug Discovery provides an education in “drug screening and gene discovery, using the latest genomic techniques.” (https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/bms/study/masters/gadd).

While a few others cover biological and biomedical aspects in drug discovery such as Edinburgh Napier University which runs an Msc in Drug Design and Biomedical Science, conveys knowledge in the creation and development of effective drugs from concept to clinic using theory and practical applications of “chemical drug design and immunology, pharmacology and molecular biology”. (https://www.napier.ac.uk/courses/msc-drug-design-and-biomedical-science-postgraduate-fulltime) University of Patras’s MSc in Drug Discovery and Development, integrates new fields of Pharmaceutical Sciences, which includes all stages from the discovery and strategies of a new bioactive compound till the release of the drug. (https://www.upatras.gr/en/node/7840) University of Gothenburg offers a Master’s degree in Drug Development. The course “gives an orientation about concepts, working methods and strategies in modern drug development, with emphasis on the early part (“drug discovery”) and covers topics such as: Identification and validation of new cellular target molecules, bioinformatics, genetic model organisms, and methods for high-throughput screening.” (https://utbildning.gu.se/education/courses-and-programmes/course_detail?courseid=BIO523).

Some universities have included chemistry aspect in their learning such as The University of Birmingham offers a Masters in Drug Discovery and Medicinal Chemistry, which includes “multidisciplinary modules ranging from chemical synthesis and molecular modelling to pharmacokinetics, toxicology and drug delivery.” (https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/university/colleges/eps/news/schools/medicinal-chemistry.aspx). University of Leeds offers an MSc in Chemical Biology and Drug Design, which focuses on “synthesis of biologically active molecules, medicinal chemistry, protein engineering, biophysical chemistry, and chemical proteomics”. (https://courses.leeds.ac.uk/f985/chemical-biology-and-drug-design-msc) The Innovation University, Stevens Institute of Technology runs a Master’s program in Computational and Medicinal Chemistry, which imparts learning in “innovation in drug discovery and clinical care”. The program combines “chemistry, biology, computer science, life sciences, medicine, clinical applications, bioethics” together and focuses on “protein structure and property interaction, ligand and receptor interactions and modification of ligands and compounds to better-fit receptors and other targets”. (https://www.stevens.edu/schaefer-school-engineering-science/departments/chemistry-chemical-biology/graduate-programs/computational-and-medicinal-chemistry-masters-degree) Victoria University of Wellington runs a Master of Drug Discovery and Development (MDDD). The course studies combines “biological sciences with chemistry” and provides ability “to target, design, synthesise, create and assess new drugs” (https://www.victoria.ac.nz/explore/postgraduate-programmes/master-of-drug-discovery-and-development/overview). University of Lincoln runs an M.Chem. in Chemistry for Drug Discovery and Development which imparts learning in “synthetic chemistry and develop experience in drug formulation and manufacture within the regulatory context of the pharmaceutical industry.” (https://www.lincoln.ac.uk/home/course/chmdrgum/) The University College London, School of Pharmacy’s MSc in Drug Discovery and Development provides “hands-on experience of molecular modelling and computer-based drug design and analytical and synthetic techniques and be exposed to modern platforms for drug discovery and methods of drug synthesis.” (https://www.ucl.ac.uk/pharmacy/study/msc-drug-discovery-and-development). Newcastle University’s MSc in Drug Chemistry mixes chemistry and pharmaceutical sciences and gives learning in “drug design, metabolism, toxicology, synthetic organic chemistry” and focuses on topics related to “bio-imaging, modern approaches to chemotherapy”. (https://www.ncl.ac.uk/postgraduate/courses/degrees/drug-chemistry-msc/#profile)

A few universities concentrate on natural product based drug discovery program such as The University of Edinburgh which has an MSc in Drug Discovery and Translational Biology, which combines “structural biology, bioinformatics, chemistry and pharmacology” and explores new techniques and methods for “developing drugs and therapeutic compounds for humans and animals and disease control agents for plants”.

(https://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/postgraduate/degrees/index.php?r=site/view&edition=2021&id=3)

Salford University’s Master’s in Drug Design and Discovery integrates “classical natural products-based drug discovery methods, involving extraction, assay-based functional fractionation, isolation, characterisation, and target validation.” The course syllabus not only focuses on the “discovery of antimicrobials against multidrug resistant strains of bacteria” but also “molecular target-based drug discovery and molecular modelling.” (https://www.salford.ac.uk/courses/postgraduate/drug-design-and-discovery) University of Bordeaux offers a Master’s in Analytical Chemistry for Drugs and Natural Products, which concentrates on “analytical control of plant-based drugs and health products”. (https://www.u-bordeaux.com/Education/Study-offer/Masters-in-English/Analytical-Chemistry-for-Drugs-and-Natural-Products) University of East Anglia offers an MSc in Natural Product Drug Discovery, which focuses on “nutriceuticals and herbal extracts, antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance and the major human diseases” and teaches the “science of natural product discovery, from microorganisms to plants and animals”. (https://www.uea.ac.uk/course/postgraduate/msc-natural-product-drug-discovery)

Some target cancer related drugs such University of Bradford’s MSc in Cancer Drug Discovery. According to the University “Drug discovery combines the expertise of medicinal chemists required in translating the understanding of the molecular aspects of disease progression to the identification of suitable chemical entities, and the process of optimisation that ultimately leads to the discovery of new medicines.” (https://www.bradford.ac.uk/courses/pg/cancer-drug-discovery/). Queen’s University Belfast runs an MSc (Res) in Oncology Drug Discovery, which reveals “how existing and future drug targets are identified from biological samples isolated from the cancer clinics”. (https://www.qub.ac.uk/courses/postgraduate-taught/2020/oncology-drug-discovery-msc(res)/) Leiden University has an MSc in Drug Discovery and Safety, which provides a research-based knowledge “into the discovery of new drug targets and safe and effective lead molecules, particularly in the field of cancer, through a combination of advanced imaging techniques (‘systems microscopy’), in vitro and in vivo model systems, organic synthesis, molecular biology and pharmacology, and computational approaches.” (https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/education/study-programmes/master/bio-pharmaceutical-sciences/drug-discovery-and-safety).

Whereas the Maastricht University has a Master’s in Drug Development and Neurohealth, which provides “theoretical background and practical experience in pharmaceutical drug research and development, medicinal nutrition and personalised healthcare.” (https://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/education/master/research-master-cognitive-and-clinical-neuroscience-specialisation-drug-development)

University of Kent offers an MSc in Applied Drug Discovery, which emphasizes on “how fundamental science is applied to the discovery and development of medicines.” (https://www.msp.ac.uk/studying/postgraduate/msc-applied-drug-discovery/index.html). Liverpool John Moores University’s MSc in Drug Discovery and Design targets “molecular chemists with a passion for drug creation and offers an integrated, stimulating and challenging programme of study, informed by contemporary research and responsive to the changing nature of the pharmaceutical industry.” (https://www.ljmu.ac.uk/study/courses/postgraduates/drug-discovery-and-design). Imperial College London offers an MRes in Drug Discovery and Development. According to the university, a “Multidisciplinary Science for Next Generation Therapeutics” provides “an understanding of the current global state of drug discovery together with radical insights into future directions from leaders in the field.” (https://www.imperial.ac.uk/study/pg/chemistry/drug-discovery-development/). University of Turku has an MSc in Drug Discovery and Development, which provides “knowledge of technological innovations as well as methods of clinical drug research and development phases, clinical trial design, study planning and biostatistics.” (https://info.finlanduniversity.com/masters-degrees/programmes/drug-discovery-and-development).

Few universities focus on drug development such as The University of Manchester’s MSc in Model – based Drug Development “focuses on the modelling and simulation skills that are currently transforming the drug development industry”. (https://www.manchester.ac.uk/study/masters/courses/list/08749/msc-model-based-drug-development/course-details/#course-profile). KU Leuven’s Master of Drug Development focuses on “properties of drugs and biological systems they affect, drug development, production and analysis, the pharmaceutical work field and pharmaceutical care”. (https://onderwijsaanbod.kuleuven.be/opleidingen/v/e/CQ_50268794.htm) University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy runs an MS in Management of Drug Development. The course “brings together chemical evolution, implementation of quality systems and testing in animals and people”. (https://pharmacyschool.usc.edu/programs/rs/msdd/). Queen Mary, University of London runs an MSc in Clinical Drug Development, which integrates learnings in “drug development process provides a detailed picture of the complex and highly interrelated activities required for the development cycle for drugs and biologics, from the process of discovery to successful commercialisation.

(https://www.qmul.ac.uk/postgraduate/taught/coursefinder/courses/121382.html)

Some universities concern for drug safety such as King’s College London offers an MSc in Drug Development Science and delivers “expertise and skills in all aspects of clinical research, drug regulation and drug safety.” (https://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/taught-courses/drug-development-science-msc-pg-dip-pg-cert.aspx). University of Wisconsin – Madison has a Master of Science in Pharmaceutical Sciences: Applied Drug Development, which concentrates on “drug development, manufacturing, and ongoing safety management”. (https://pdc.wisc.edu/degrees/pharmaceutical-applied-drug-development/) The Centre for Drug Discovery Development and Production (CDDDP), University of Ibadan, Nijeria – a Regional Centre of Regulatory Excellence (RCOREs) offers a Master’s degree program in Drug Development and Regulatory Pharmacy (MDDRP), which imparts learning in industrial and regulatory pharmacy. (https://cdddp.ui.edu.ng/master%E2%80%99s-degree-programme-drug-development-and-regulatory-pharmacy-mddrp). University of Barcelona’s Master’s degree in Drug Research, Development and Control is suitable for those who wishes to learn stages of drug development, drug analysis and control.  (https://www.ub.edu/web/ub/en/estudis/oferta_formativa/master_universitari/fitxa/D/M0B08/index.html) Uppasala University, offers a Master’s programme in Drug Discovery and Development. “The course deals with different phases in drug development; Identification and validation of target molecule (the target), identification and optimisation of active substance, ADME-Tox profiling, in-vivo and in-vitro pharmacology, formulation, discovery and biomarkers and disease models, clinical trials, registration and commercialisation.” (http://www.uu.se/en/admissions/master/selma/Kurser/?kKod=3FK229&typ=1).

The National University of Singapore offers a MSc (Maritime Technology and Management) which “seeks to train and equip graduates with key skillsets to enable next-generation port capabilities in Singapore, such as industrial systems development, big data analytics tools, and emerging port technologies (e.g., digitalization to train workers). The MSc (MTM) alumni community will function as touchpoints which the Centre for Maritime Studies (CMS) and the Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Management (ISEM) can capitalize for future collaboration between industry and research” (https://www.masterstudies.com/MSc-(Maritime-Technology-and-Management)/Singapore/National-University-of-Singapore/).

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology offers a Masters in Marine Engineering, describing it thus: “The Nordic Master in Maritime Engineering at Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) is based on the expertise of the participating universities within naval architecture, offshore engineering and maritime engineering” (https://www.mastersportal.com/studies/39583/maritime-engineering.html).

The World Maritime University in Sweden offers an MSc Programme in Maritime Affairs which “emphasizes the practical application of expertise. It offers both an overview of the complex, inter-related maritime and ocean fields, as well as the opportunity to specialize. The programme is designed to respond directly to the real needs of the maritime industry, and to equip graduates with the skills needed today and in the future. It is academically challenging and professionally oriented, and is designed for ambitious, mid-career maritime professionals. It provides a particularly strong foundation for those intending to move into either a national or an international career” (https://www.masterstudies.com/MSc-Programme-in-Maritime-Affairs/Sweden/WMU/).

Then there is the Master of Maritime and Air Transport Management (M.Sc.) from the University of Antwerp. “The main objective of the programme is to help executive staff members from transport-related companies and organisations (shipping companies, port authorities, terminal operators, airlines, airports etc.) to become top-notch executives and researchers in the field. It is specifically designed with an international audience in mind and aimed at individuals with a background in economics or management focusing on transport-related matters” (https://www.masterstudies.com/Master-of-Maritime-and-Air-Transport-Management-(M.Sc.)/Belgium/UAntwerp/)

The Erasmus Centre for Martitime Economics & Logistics offers an MSc in Maritime Economics & Logistics (MEL), which “reflects MEL’s holistic and integrated approach to addressing the complex interconnectedness of global maritime supply chains. In addition to the MEL courses, the programme places substantial emphasis on methodology and analytical skill development” (https://www.masterstudies.com/MSc-in-Maritime-Economics-and-Logistics-(MEL)/Netherlands/MELEC/).

The Ghent University Law School in Belgium offers an MS in Maritime Science, which “is an inter-university program developed by Ghent University (UGent) and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB). It aims at students from diverse academic backgrounds, who have a common passion for maritime transport and already hold a Master degree. People working in the maritime sector may also benefit from the program to enhance their knowledge and skills. The program comprises three main pillars: a technical/general pillar, an economic/logistic pillar, and a legal pillar, and follows the multidisciplinary approach which makes it unique in the global academic landscape” (https://www.masterstudies.com/Master-of-Science-in-Maritime-Science/Belgium/Law-UGent/).

The University of Quebec at Rimouski offers a slightly different Masters in Maritime Resources Management which “aims to train managers with a global, multidisciplinary and integrated vision of the maritime domain. It trains professionals who can use management methods, tools and techniques to effectively contribute to decision-making in the maritime sector, both at the operational and strategic levels.

The student has the opportunity to deepen his knowledge in one of the three sectors of the program: fisheries (fishing and aquaculture), management of the coastal and marine environment and maritime transport” (https://www.masterstudies.com/Masters-in-Maritime-Resources-Management/Canada/UQAR/).

At the Master of Science in Earth Sciences offered by Australian National University, “You’ll study courses from different earth science disciplines including computational geosciences, data sciences, analytical techniques, biogeochemistry, experimental petrology, geobiology, geochemistry, geochronology, geology, geophysics, ocean and climate change and planetary sciences” (https://science.anu.edu.au/study/masters/master-science-earth-sciences?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIrIbTjpXL7wIVEx4rCh15aAaVEAMYASAAEgISc_D_BwE). It is distinguished from Geology but different authors and institutions lay different emphases. Some treat Geomorphology as a sub-discipline within geology but there is no consensus.

Coventry University offers a Geomorphology Master in Science by Research (https://www.educaedu.co.uk/institutions/coventry-university-uni1866). The University of Bristol offers a PhD in Geographical Sciences (Physical Geography) as also an MSc by Research. It offers also a Masters by Research in Global Environmental Challenges and a PhD in Geographical Sciences (Human Geography) – (http://www.bristol.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/2021/sci/phd-geographical-sciences/).

The University of Freiburg offers a Masters in Geography which “enables students to understand and assess how environmental issues are shaped by biophysical, social, economic, and political processes. All students take a core module dealing with conceptual and theoretical foundations of geography, and choose a specialisation: either dynamics in glaciology and geomorphology, which covers topics such as the cryosphere, glaciology or alpine geomorphology; or nature, society and politics, which explores nature-society relations in space through thematic entry points such as nature conservation and resource management, rural development and change, water governance, land and environmental conflicts” (https://www.unifr.ch/geo/en/studies/geography/master.html)

The Department of Geography, University of Sussex offers highly specialized PhD programme in Geomorphology. It says that “The science that links environmental change to physical responses in geomorphological processes and landforms is a complex area and one that is of interest to policy makers and academic research. Our research investigates sensitive systems by field monitoring, physical and numerical modelling, description and analysis of sediments, soils and rocks, and reconstruction of Quaternary environments.  We address the cross-cutting research theme Surface-Atmosphere Interactions together with the Climate Science and Society research cluster” (http://www.sussex.ac.uk/geography/research/earthsystems).

The Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, focuses on research and education in the nature, genesis, and history of the Earth and its crust, and the evolution of the environment and biota at the Earth’s surface. It offers a Geosciences MS. It says on its website that “The Department of Geosciences at the University of Arizona offers both a two-year M.S. and a four-year Ph.D. program. Both programs are research based and have course work requirements, as well as a final requirement of an M.S. thesis or a Ph.D. dissertation. All students who apply are considered for financial support (in the form of teaching/research assistantships, or fellowships). Almost all students admitted to our degree programs are offered financial support; M.S. students are funded for two years, and Ph.D. students are funded for four years” (https://grad.arizona.edu/catalog/programinfo/GEOSMS).

The M.S. in Applied Gepgraphy – Applied Geomorphology at The University of North Texas “prepares geography students for careers or further education in a wide variety of areas concerned with processes that shape the surface of the earth. Applied geomorphology emphasizes geomorphological processes that are of societal significance, including hazards such as flooding, expansive soils, landslides and coastal erosion. This track enables students to structure their degree plans around conceptual and technical aspects of applied geomorphology” (https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/university-north-texas/postgrad/ms-applied-geography-applied-geomorphology).

At The Geography & Environment Studies of The University of Regina, “MA and MSc degree programs and in special circumstances a PhD program are offered in selected areas of Geography. Research interests of the department include: cultural, historical, economic, rural and urban geography, cartography, resource management, remote sensing, geographical information systems (GIS), hydrology, geomorphology, and applied climatology. Particular emphasis is paid to geographical analysis of the problems of the Canadian prairies” (https://www.uregina.ca/gradstudies/future-students/programs/geography.html).

The Simon Frase University offers Graduate Student Opportunities in Fluvial Geomorphology and Sedimentology. It says that “Full funding is available for all graduate student positions (2 years for masters and 4 years for doctoral) for students that do not have funding from external sources” and encourages “inquiries from students of all scientific backgrounds, students with training in Physical Geography, Earth Sciences, Oceanogra-phy, Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science or Engineering” (https://www.sfu.ca/~jvenditt/images/Grad_stud_opp_SFU.pdf).